Elof Carlson is Distinguished Teaching Professor Emeritus at Stony Brook University, New York. A geneticist with an interest in the history of science, Dr. Carlson was one of Hermann Muller's graduate students. Svante Pääbo is the Director of the Department of Genetics at the Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology, Germany. He uses mutations to look at human evolution.
DNA and proteins are key molecules of the cell nucleus.
One gene makes one protein.
A gene is made of DNA.
Bacteria and viruses have DNA too.
The DNA molecule is shaped like a twisted ladder.
A half DNA ladder is a template for copying the whole.
RNA is an intermediary between DNA and protein.
DNA words are three letters long.
A gene is a discrete sequence of DNA nucleotides.
The RNA message is sometimes edited.
Some viruses store genetic information in RNA.
RNA was the first genetic molecule.
Mutations are changes in genetic information.
Some types of mutations are automatically repaired.